Monday, September 1, 2025
.. copy-and-pasted from.. the website "Daily Galaxy".. this article is written by Melissa Ait Lounis..
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Tiny Black Holes from the Big Bang May Have Grown Into Beasts
Story by Melissa Ait Lounis • 2mo •
3 min read
Credit: Shutterstock | The Daily Galaxy --Great Discoveries Channel
Credit: Shutterstock | The Daily Galaxy --Great Discoveries Channel
© Daily Galaxy CA
Primordial black holes, formed in the earliest moments after the Big Bang, may have had the potential to grow at a rapid pace into supermassive black holes, according to new findings from cosmological simulations. This discovery could help solve one of the most puzzling questions in modern cosmology: how did supermassive black holes grow to such enormous sizes so quickly, particularly before the universe reached 1 billion years old?
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Supermassive Black Holes in the Early Universe
Thanks to the capabilities ofNASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers have been able to peer into the distant past of the universe,uncovering supermassive black holesthat existed just 700 million years after the Big Bang—and potentially even earlier.
The presence of these large black holes so soon after the Big Bang presents a significant challenge for current cosmological models. According to John Regan, a research fellow at Maynooth University in Ireland, “This means that supermassive black holes are in place very early in the universe, within the first few hundred million years.”
Traditional theories of black hole formation suggest that they grow over billions of years by accreting surrounding matter or by merging with other black holes. Regan explained that, “We have no evidence to suggest that black holes can form with these huge masses, and we don’t fully understand how small black holes could grow so rapidly.”
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The Theory of Primordial Black Holes
Primordial black holes, which are distinct from the more commonly known astrophysical black holes, are believed to have formed directly from dense pockets of matter shortly after the Big Bang. These hypothetical black holes would not rely on the death of stars, as is the case for stellar-mass black holes, nor would they form through mergers of smaller black holes. Instead, they are thought to have emerged from the intense conditions present in the first few seconds of the universe’s existence.
Although there is currently no direct observational evidence for primordial black holes, their potential existence has been proposed to explain dark matter, the mysterious substance that accounts for 85% of the universe’s matter but remains invisible to telescopes.
Primordial black holes are theorized to range in size from incredibly small objects, only a fraction of a gram, to as large as 100,000 times the mass of the sun.
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Could Primordial Black Holes be the Key to Supermassive Growth?
In their simulations, Regan and his team proposed that primordial black holes could have an advantage over astrophysical black holes when it comes to rapidly growing into supermassive black holes.
Regan explained that, “Primordial black holes should form during the first few seconds after the Big Bang. If they exist, they have some advantages over astrophysical black holes… they can, in principle, be more massive to begin with compared to astrophysical black holes and may be able to settle more easily into galactic centers, where they can rapidly grow.”
Unlike stellar-mass black holes, which need to wait for the first generation of massive stars to die before they can form, primordial black holes would not face this delay. Moreover, their formation would not be hindered by the energy emitted by nearby stars, which often clears the region of material that could be used for accretion.
A Diagram Showing The Vast Difference In Scale Between Supermassive Black Holes And Hypothetical Primordial Black Holes
A Diagram Showing The Vast Difference In Scale Between Supermassive Black Holes And Hypothetical Primordial Black Holes
© Daily Galaxy CA
It’s Hiding in the Big Bang ?
While the findings from the simulations are intriguing, they are not yet definitive. The next step for the research team is to improve their simulations, incorporating both primordial and astrophysical black holes in the same environment, to see if any distinguishing characteristics emerge. Observational evidence could also play a crucial role in confirming the existence of primordial black holes.
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One possible clue would be the detection of a low-mass black hole in today’s universe, which would indicate it could not have formed through thecollapse of a massive star and instead may have grown from a primordial black hole.
The team is also looking for evidence of primordial black holes in the very early universe, prior to 500 million years after the Big Bang. Regan noted that “whether primordial black holes account for the entire mass of early supermassive black holes depends on how many there are. In principle, it’s possible, but my guess is that astrophysical black holes play a role, too.”
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