.. article copy-and-pasted from a website that I think.. that I'm pretty sure is called.. "Factinate Media Group".. article written by Alicia B. .. .. Tycho Brahe is apocalyptically planet-apocalips Darkseid- scale chivalrous toward.. Diane de Poitiers (Arianne Zucker) in the Gotham movies directed by Tim Burton.. Diane de Poitiers from Leonie Frieda's biography of Catherine de Medici.. (thanks male-succubus-ultron-spirit and intel ultron and sgt. rock hardware-computer..)..

Factinate Media Group 45.9K Followers Astronomer Tycho Brahe lost his nose in a gruesome duel, then replaced it with a prosthesis made entirely of gold and silver. Story by Alicia B. • 2w • 14 min read Scientists have a reputation for being boring and nerdy, but this astronomer smashed through these stereotypes. Tycho Brahe lived a life as large as the universe. 1. His Life Was Absolutely Wild From its privileged beginning to its suspicious ending, Tycho Brahe’s life was stranger than fiction. This includes a kidnapping, a duel, a psychic dwarf, a royal affair, a forbidden romance, countless feuds, and a few murder conspiracies. This astronomer changed the way we see the universe–he might just change the way you see scientists. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. - circa 1650-1750. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. - circa 1650-1750. 2. He Was Kidnapped Tycho Brahe’s life should’ve been straightforward, but it was anything but. In 1546, he was born into a Danish noble family. On top of that, Tycho was the eldest of 12. Sadly, this included his twin brother, who didn’t survive. And it gets even worse: His childless uncle and aunt snatched two-year-old Tycho from his real parents to raise as their own. Stranger still, his mom and dad had a shocking reaction to every parent’s worst nightmare. Brahe, Tycho (1546 - 1601) - B&W portrait. Brahe, Tycho (1546 - 1601) - B&W portrait. 3. He Had Sketchy Parents Most parents would’ve gone to the ends of the Earth to get their child back. But Tycho’s mom and dad weren’t most parents, and they simply allowed this bizarre arrangement. This arrangement sounds completely messed up, but Brahe revealed that his aunt and uncle couldn’t have treated him better. Without them, he might not have found his destiny on one unforgettable night. The Bille and Brahe noble families of Denmark. - 1613 The Bille and Brahe noble families of Denmark. - 1613 4. He Had An Epiphany One night changed Brahe–and science–forever. At 13, he witnessed a solar eclipse. It was the right place, the right time, and the right person. The eclipse was cool, but Tycho found something even cooler: science. It amazed Brahe that astronomers could predict not only this eclipse, but other cosmic phenomena. He wanted in. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1601 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1601 5. He Was A Rebel With A Cause Brahe wanted to have his cake, and eat it too. During his youth, he studied at various schools throughout Europe, but he was still torn between his purpose and his passion. His brain–and his family–pushed him towards law. It was a respectable career for a rich kid like him. Science was not. But his heart still called him to the stars. Tycho eventually committed to a life of science–and trouble. B&W image of Tycho Brahe working. B&W image of Tycho Brahe working. 6. He Made An Enemy Tycho met his match, but it wasn’t a match made in heaven. He and Manderup Parsberg were both 20-year olds, Danish noblemen, university students, third cousins, heavy drinkers, and egomaniacs. It was a recipe for fireworks. During an engagement party at a professor’s home they clashed over who was the better mathematician. The drinks didn’t help. While the party ended, their feud was just getting started. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1901 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1901 7. He Got Into A Feud Brahe and Persberg’s relationship had to get a lot worse before it got better. A few weeks later, the third cousins crossed paths again at a Christmas party. A few days later, the noblemen met again during a group meal. Each time, they clashed verbally and mentally. But soon, it was going to get physical, and Brahe would never be the same. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1577 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1577 8. He Raised Alarm Tycho and Manderup’s non-Danish companions could only stare in bewilderment as they argued in their native tongue. The confusion only grew as the pair abruptly left their meals and disappeared. The only other Danish speaker caught on, and urged everyone to find them. Immediately. By the time the group found them, it was too late. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - circa 1895 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - circa 1895 9. He Fought In A Duel Brahe and Persberg took “boys will be boys” to a whole new level–and not in a good way. Being the genius scholars and classy noblemen they were, they agreed to settle their grievances with a duel. With swords. At night. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. - 1598 Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. - 1598 When their dining companions finally found them, they were already dueling. And Persberg’s sword already made contact. 10. He Was Disfigured To make matters worse, Brahe’s family already had a long and tragic history with duels. He walked into the duel knowing this. Then, he walked out with a huge chunk of his nose gone. If Persberg moved his sword slightly any other way, it could’ve been death instead of disfigurement. But Brahe wasn’t out of the woods yet. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe, 1859 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe, 1859 11. He Didn’t Know If He’d Survive Brahe survived the duel…for now. Afterwards, he battled infection. At the time, there wasn’t much anyone could do to prevent or treat them. During his long recovery, all Brahe could do was wait and pray. And stare at the new and obvious scar on his face. While he avoided an infection, doctors couldn’t reattach the flesh to his nose. Brahe came up with his own solution, and it certainly caused a stir. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1601 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1601 12. He Had A Famous Nose It became his signature look–and a constant reminder of his dumbest mistake. For the rest of his life, Tycho wore a fake nose made from silver and gold. He also carried glue around in case the prosthesis fell off. Unfortunately for him, Brahe’s disfigurement gave his rivals and enemies even more material to work with. But against all odds, Persberg wasn’t one of them. Relief Tycho Brahe in Rostock von Jo Jastram - 2008 Relief Tycho Brahe in Rostock von Jo Jastram - 2008 13. He Made Peace There are plot twists, and there’s this. Just about anyone else would remain furious with the guy who’d disfigured them. But after the duel, the distant relatives turned into close friends. Tycho and Manderup somehow mended fences–even though Tycho could never mend his nose. And as for the nose, it added to Tycho’s lore and legend. Well that, and his scientific brilliance. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1840 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1840 14. He Became A Star Tycho Brahe didn’t just study stars, he became one. He first made a name for himself by discovering a new star, but he was only getting started. His scientific contributions include cataloging hundreds of stars, pioneering more accurate astronomy tools, measuring the universe more accurately, and discovering supernovae for the first time in history. And to top it all off, Tycho accomplished everything without a telescope. Star map of the constellation Cassiopeia showing the position of the Supernova - 1572 Star map of the constellation Cassiopeia showing the position of the Supernova - 1572 15. He Fell For The Wrong Girl After discovering new stars, Brahe discovered love. The 25-year-old found it in Kirsten Hansen. Out of all his potential partners, Brahe had to fall for a commoner. At the time, a nobleman and a poor woman wasn’t a romance with a fairytale ending. It wasn’t that Brahe couldn’t marry Kirsten, it was that he didn’t want to. Illustration to a piece of historical fiction about Tycho Brahe - 1859 Illustration to a piece of historical fiction about Tycho Brahe - 1859 16. He Found The Solution Once again, Brahe wanted to have his cake and eat it too. You see, officially marrying Kirsten required giving up his noble status and privilege. But there was a compromise–at least for Brahe. It was common law marriage. Tycho and Kirsten became husband and wife in almost every way. Well, except for the ones that really mattered. Portrait of Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Portrait of Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) 17. He Wasn’t Married For Real For Tycho and Kirsten, it was a win-lose situation. Under this “marriage”, they both kept their social status. But their future children only inherited Kirsten’s status–or lack of. This meant that they were doomed to remain commoners. No titles, no land inheritances, and no claims to their father’s name. Brahe’s family didn’t take it well. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. 18. He Scandalized Everyone Tycho and Kirsten’s relationship wasn’t technically forbidden, but it sure felt like it. In high society, messing with commoners was no big deal. But publicly claiming and marrying them was. His family felt that Tycho tarnished their reputation. They weren’t alone: many of his peers felt no less scandalized. But this couple-in-love received support from the most unexpected–and esteemed–source. Statue of Tycho Brahe. - 2014 Statue of Tycho Brahe. - 2014 19. He Had Royal Approval Enter Frederick. He wasn’t just a king, a supporter of science, or a defender of Brahe’s love life. He was also a man who couldn’t marry the woman he truly loved. So Frederick supported Brahe throughout the scandal, which quelled his family’s outrage. But some doubt whether Tycho and Kirsten were the true love that Frederick may have thought they were. Tycho Brahe. Line Engraving By P. Kilian Tycho Brahe. Line Engraving By P. Kilian 20. His Marriage Confused People Brevity is the soul of wit, but Brahe took it too far. Studying his letters led historians to a sad observation: he rarely mentioned his wife. This fuelled speculation that his interest in her wasn’t romantic. Cynics suggest that Brahe was interested in a common woman who would run his household without high society drama. Tycho Brahe. Photogravure after J. Falck. Tycho Brahe. Photogravure after J. Falck. But if that’s what he wanted, he was in for a rude awakening. This marriage still came with drama and tragedy. 21. He Was Familiar With Loss Life isn’t fair–and Tycho Brahe learned this the hard way. Again and again. Brahe survived four siblings, including a twin brother. At only 19, Brahe lost his uncle and father figure. Six years later, Brahe found Kirsten, but lost his biological father in the same year. Despite these losses, nothing could’ve prepared Tycho for what the future had in store. Painting of Otte Thygesen Brahe (1518-1571) Painting of Otte Thygesen Brahe (1518-1571) 22. He Suffered Even More Losses As Brahe’s career fell into place, his family fell apart. Kirsten and Tycho had eight children, but only six survived to adulthood. Their first experience with every parent’s worst nightmare involved their first daughter Kirstine. To make matters even more heartbreaking, they had named her after Brahe’s late sister. At three years old, Kirstine joined her namesake. Tycho Brahe. Bild - Kopenhagen. - 2007 Tycho Brahe. Bild - Kopenhagen. - 2007 23. He Got An Offer He Couldn’t Refuse Brahe may have been a heartbroken dad, but he was still a superstar scientist. He received job offers from all over Europe, and he took them seriously. When King Frederick II discovered Brahe’s plans to leave Denmark, he pulled out all the stops to keep the national treasure. This included a private island—but Frederick had a lot more in mind than that. Portrait of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway - 1581 Portrait of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway - 1581 24. He Had Lavish Tastes Whatever Tycho wanted, he got. It didn’t matter how expensive, rare, weird, or even ethically questionable. At its peak, Tycho’s funding took up 1% of Denmark’s revenue. His island’s amenities included a castle, Europe’s finest observatory, laboratories, and a printing press. While this was expensive, it was still relatively normal. Stuff that Frederick could explain. This didn’t last. Tycho Brahes observatorium - between 1831 and 1878 Tycho Brahes observatorium - between 1831 and 1878 25. He Had Eccentric Tastes Brahe’s spending went from just expensive to straight up bizarre. The most notorious instance was Jepp, a jester and a little person. Brahe believed that Jepp was clairvoyant–not that it compelled the astronomer to treat him any better. Brahe forced Jepp to eat under the table. That wasn’t his only cruelty—and Jepp wasn’t his only unconventional companion. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. - 1500s Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. - 1500s 26. He Had An Exotic Pet Most people have pets like cats and dogs, but as we’re finding out, Tycho Brahe wasn’t most people. Naturally, Tycho’s pet of choice was an elk. It gets stranger. The elk followed him around like a loyal dog. But it also lived inside Brahe’s castle like a pampered house cat. Yet despite this, the elk still met an unbelievable end–that was Brahe’s fault. Tycho Brahe's Stjerneborg observatory circa 1595. Tycho Brahe's Stjerneborg observatory circa 1595. 27. He Lost His Pet Like owner, like elk. The pet, like its master, enjoyed excessive drinking. Brahe didn’t just encourage this, he showed it off to everyone. However, at one dinner party, he allowed the elk to gulp down one too many drinks. The poor elk could barely see or walk straight. It tried climbing the stairs, fell, and never got back up. But Brahe’s elk wasn’t his only victim. Tycho Brahe. Line Engraving After T. Gemperlin, - 1586. Tycho Brahe. Line Engraving After T. Gemperlin, - 1586. 28. He Became A Ruler Brahe didn’t just receive an island and a fortune, he received power and responsibilities. At first, Brahe was fair and reasonable to the island’s residents. Well, he was by 16th century standards. But just a few decades later, Brahe was recognizable. Power corrupts and Tycho Brahe is no exception. It was the beginning of the end. Tycho Brahe receives James VI at Uranienborg. - 1878 Tycho Brahe receives James VI at Uranienborg. - 1878 29. He Became A Tyrant Tycho Brahe wasn’t a king, but he sure acted like one. The island’s 50 families saw themselves as freeholding farmers. And they were right; for all intents and purposes, they were. But this changed after Tycho became the island’s Feudal Lord. He seized control of farming and demanded the residents cultivate twice as much. On top of that, he forced the residents into unpaid labor to build his castle. Tycho was burning bridges, and that was when he was just a “normal” lord. He was just getting started. Tycho Brahe. Stipple Engraving Tycho Brahe. Stipple Engraving 30. His Power Declined Denmark lost a king after Frederick II passed, but Brahe lost everything. Christian IV was too young to rule immediately, so a regency council alongside Queen Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow stepped in. The head of the council–along with other insiders in the royal court–hated Brahe’s guts, and the feeling was mutual. Brahe had to face the writing on the wall: His free ride was over. Or was it? Painting of Frederik II - 1782 Painting of Frederik II - 1782 31. He Had A Scandalous Affair Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow was so much more than the Queen of Denmark and Norway. She was a powerful and wealthy woman in her own right. She was the mother of King Christian IV of Denmark. She was a science enthusiast and supporter. She was one of Brahe’s visitors. And according to rumors, she was a lot more than that. Brahe took advantage of their close relationship. Queen Sophie, wife of King Frederick II of Denmark - circa 1572 Queen Sophie, wife of King Frederick II of Denmark - circa 1572 32. He Wanted A Huge Favor Brahe knew what he had to do. He requested that Sophia make Frederick II’s promise official. Turns out, the late king had promised that Brahe’s heirs–his commoner children–could inherit the island. But Sophia couldn’t–or didn’t want to–make this happen. Then, after Christian IV took the throne, Brahe’s special relationship with his mom didn’t do him any favors. Portrait painting of Christian IV of Denmark - circa 1612 Portrait painting of Christian IV of Denmark - circa 1612 33. He Fell Out With The King Christian IV already had many reasons to dislike Tycho Brahe, and the scientist kept adding to the list. Near the top was Brahe’s refusal to repair a chapel. Specifically, it was the chapel where Frederick II lay—over which the late king had given Brahe responsibility. Regardless of the reason, Christian IV refused to allow Brahe’s kids to inherit the island. The astronomer’s ordeal soon went from bad…to worst case scenario. Funerary Monument Of Frederik Ii, D. 1588 Funerary Monument Of Frederik Ii, D. 1588 34. He Was In Danger After 21 years as his island’s pseudo king, the real king stepped in and ousted Brahe. But even that wasn’t enough for him. Christian IV even wanted to exile the scientist from the country entirely. One terrifying day changed Brahe’s stubbornness. A mob of commoners rioted in front of his home. Many suspect that this incident wasn’t a coincidence. After all, it pushed Brahe and his family towards finally leaving the country—exactly what Christian wanted. Tycho Observing 1572 Supernova Tycho Observing 1572 Supernova 35. He Felt Misunderstood The writing was on the wall: Brahe had no choice but to accept his exile and downfall. In response, he wrote a famous poem, in which he lectured Denmark for not appreciating his genius. While he had many talents, humility wasn’t one of them. Tycho Brahe believed that he was not only a legendary scientist, but more important than a King. Then reality hit. Christian IV visiting Tycho Brahe at Uranienborg - 1831 Christian IV visiting Tycho Brahe at Uranienborg - 1831 36. He Moved On The Holy Roman Emperor threw the exiled scientist a lifeline. Rudolf II offered Brahe the position of imperial astronomer. It came with: a move to Prague, an observatory, research opportunities, and red carpet treatment. There, Brahe even took Johannes Kepler, a future legendary astronomer, under his wing. They seemed like the dream team. They weren’t. Portrait of Emperor Rudolf II - 1590s Portrait of Emperor Rudolf II - 1590s 37. He Had A Mini Me Turns out, Brahe’s mini-me couldn’t have been more different. Brahe was a spoiled rich kid who thought he was God’s gift to the world. Kepler came from a poor German family headed by a single mom. He dropped out of school to support his mother and siblings. At first, Kepler had no interest in astronomy, and merely wanted a piece of Tycho’s high salary. But it didn’t take long for the astronomy bug to take over. Portrait of Johannes Kepler. - 1910 Portrait of Johannes Kepler. - 1910 © August Köhler, Wikimedia Commons 38. He Was Secretive Kepler’s passion and talent in astronomy may have formed despite Brahe, not because of him. Shockingly, Tycho Brahe wasn’t the best mentor or collaborator. He gatekept his research from Kepler, which led to arguments and seething resentment. If Kepler found his boss insufferable, he wasn’t alone. Brahe was as difficult as he was brilliant. Painting of Rudolf II and Tycho Brahe - 1855 Painting of Rudolf II and Tycho Brahe - 1855 39. He Was Argumentative Kepler wasn’t Brahe’s only long-suffering colleague. He corresponded with countless scientists across Europe, and in true Tycho fashion, these relationships could get ugly. He engaged in feuds with many peers, but none were as notorious as his fight with Nicolaus Reimers Baer, whom Brahe accused of plagiarism. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. Even after a lifetime of burning bridges, Brahe just couldn’t kick his bad habits–and he paid the ultimate price for it. 40. He Had Dangerous Habits There are some constants in the universe, like the laws of physics and Tycho Brahe’s horrific lifestyle. Tycho treated his body like he’d treated his island’s residents: horrifically. This included overdrinking and overeating. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1632 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1632 These habits were nothing new for him, but there’s only so much an aging body can take. Brahe lived the high life until it came crashing down. 41. He Suddenly Became Ill What should’ve been a normal and fun night went horribly wrong. Tycho Brahe had one too many drinks at a banquet in 1601, and his bladder let him know it. He really had to pee, but for whatever reason, he decided to hold it. At the time, going to the bathroom in the middle of a party was a faux pas. When Brahe finally got home, he realized that etiquette was the least of his concerns. Portrait of Tycho Brahe - Date: 1765 – 1837 Portrait of Tycho Brahe - Date: 1765 – 1837 42. He Was Extremely Ill When Brahe finally got the chance to relieve himself, he realized that he couldn’t. The scientist couldn’t pee properly–only tiny amounts and with excruciating pain. It gets even worse. Brahe descended into delirium and couldn’t stop saying that he hoped that he didn’t live in vain. The astronomer was dying–and aware of it. He knew what he had to do before time ran out. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1500 - 1850 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe. - 1500 - 1850 43. He Left Too Young Brahe encouraged Kepler to continue his research, but he had stipulations. He requested that Kepler use his planetary model–not rival ones. Classic Brahe. He then allegedly wrote his own epitaph: "He lived like a sage and died like a fool”. Tycho Brahe was only 54. But not even the grave could stop this scientist from scandal making. B&W Portrait of Johannes Kepler. B&W Portrait of Johannes Kepler. 44. He Had A Mysterious End For centuries, everyone agreed that Tycho succumbed to kidney stones. Then, his body was exhumed in 1901, and they couldn’t find a single kidney stone. Researchers then suggested that the culprit could’ve been a burst bladder or prostate cancer. Since there was still doubt, others had more sinister explanations for Brahe’s abrupt end. Keppler and Tycho Brahe at the Prague Observatory. - 1869 Keppler and Tycho Brahe at the Prague Observatory. - 1869 45. He Had Conspiracies One conspiracy could’ve been mistaken for a movie plot. Some accuse Kepler of dosing him with mercury. Kepler’s motive was clear, at least: gaining access to the research that his boss gate kept from him. With Brahe out of the picture, Kepler could finally reach his full potential. But Kepler wasn’t the only person with the motives and means to end Brahe’s life. Portrait of Johannes Kepler - between 1600 and 1615 Portrait of Johannes Kepler - between 1600 and 1615 46. He Made Enemies The competing conspiracy is that Brahe’s cousin Erik plied him with mercury. But it gets even spicier. Erik allegedly ended his cousin’s life…at the order of King Christian IV. Turns out, the King didn’t forgive or forget. Especially not Brahe’s rumored affair with his mother. Present day scientists couldn’t resist finally solving this centuries old mystery. An engraving of Tycho Brahe in his Uraniborg observatory - 1598 An engraving of Tycho Brahe in his Uraniborg observatory - 1598 47. He Didn’t Rest In Peace Thanks to these conspiracies, Tycho Brahe couldn’t rest in peace. In 2010, scientists once again exhumed his remains. They even analyzed his bones, hair, and clothing. Their findings answered some questions, but created some more. B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe - 1891 B&W Portrait of Tycho Brahe - 1891 While scientists found traces of mercury, the amounts weren’t enough to be intentional. But this led to another theory. 48. He Might’ve Caused His Own Death Others didn’t blame Kepler, Erik or Christian…they blamed Brahe himself. They came up with two possibilities. Brahe could’ve accidentally ingested mercury during his many alchemy experiments. Or he could’ve self-medicated to alleviate his kidney problems. This all could’ve been a tragic accident. But these exhumations led to another shocking find. Astronomy: the allegorical titlepage to frisicae lunae-solar - 1651 Astronomy: the allegorical titlepage to frisicae lunae-solar - 1651 49. He Had a Fake Nose Remember Tycho’s famous fake nose? That was made out of gold and silver? Turns out, Tycho told a little brass lie. Yup, his everyday prosthesis was made from a cheaper material. But in his defense, he really did have a precious metal nose. He just saved it for special occasions. Tycho Brahe was many things, but boring was never one. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe. 50. He Was Ahead of His Time Centuries after Tycho Brahe’s controversial end, many of his findings still hold true. These include predictions on planetary motion and his catalog of hundreds of stars. He inspired future generations of scientists and explorers, including Kepler. And to do all of that WITHOUT a telescope? Tycho had a crazy personal life, but his science wasn’t too shabby either. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe - 1596. Portrait painting of Tycho Brahe - 1596. 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