The Bizarre Case of Bashar al-Assad
by Uri Avnery
Posted on
July 01, 2017
Conan
Doyle, the creator of the legendary Sherlock Holmes, would have
titled his story about this incident "The Bizarre Case of Bashar
al-Assad".
And
bizarre it is.
It
concerns the evil deeds of Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian dictator, who
bombed his own people with Sarin, a nerve gas, causing gruesome
deaths of the victims.
Like
everybody else around the world, I heard about the foul deed a few
hours after it happened. Like everybody else, I was shocked. And yet…
And
yet, I am a professional investigative journalist. For 40 years of my
life I was the editor-in-chief of an investigative weekly magazine,
which exposed nearly all of Israel’s major scandals during those
years. I have never lost a major libel suit, indeed I have rarely
been sued at all. I am mentioning this not to boast, but to lend some
authority to what I am going to say.
In
my time I have decided to publish thousands of investigative
articles, including some which concerned the most important people in
Israel. Less well known is that I have also decided not to publish
many hundreds of others, which I found lacked the necessary
credibility.
How
did I decide? Well, first of all I asked for proof. Where is the
evidence? Who are the witnesses? Is there written documentation?
But
there was always something which cannot be defined. Beyond witnesses
and documents there is something inside the mind of an editor which
tells him or her: wait, something wrong here. Something missing.
Something that doesn’t rhyme.
It
is a feeling. Call it an inner voice. A kind of intuition. A warning
that tells you, the minute you hear about the case for the first
time: Beware. Check it again and again.
This
is what happened to me when I first heard that, on April 4, Bashar
al-Assad had bombed Khan Sheikhoun with nerve gas.
My
inner voice whispered: wait. Something wrong. Something smells fishy.
First
of all, it was too quick. Just a few hours after the event, everybody
knew it was Bashar who did it.
Of
course, it was Bashar! No need for proof. No need to waste time
checking. Who else but Bashar?
Well,
there are plenty of other candidates. The war in Syria is not
two-sided. Not even three- or four-sided. It is almost impossible to
count the sides.
There
is Bashar, the dictator, and his close allies: the Islamic Republic
of Iran and the Party of God (Hizb-Allah) in Lebanon, both Shiite.
There is Russia, closely supporting. There is the US, the faraway
enemy, which supports half a dozen (who is counting?) local militias.
There are the Kurdish militias, And there is, of course, Daesh (or
ISIS, or ISIL or IS), the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (Al-Sham
is the Arabic name for Greater Syria.)
This
is not a neat war of one coalition against another. Everybody is
fighting with everybody else against everybody else. Americans and
Russians with Bashar against Daesh. Americans and Kurds against
Bashar and the Russians. The "rebel" militias against each
other and against Bashar and Iran. And so on. (Somewhere there is
Israel, too, but hush.)
So
in this bizarre battlefield, how could anyone tell within minutes of
the gas attack that it was Bashar who did it?
Political
logic did not point that way. Lately, Bashar has been winning. He had
no reason at all to do something that would embarrass his allies,
especially the Russians.
The
first question Sherlock Holmes would ask is: What is the motive? Who
has something to gain?
Bashar
had no motive at all. He could only lose by gas-bombing his citizens.
Unless,
of course, he is crazy. And nothing indicates that he is. On the
contrary, he seems to be in full control of his senses. Even more
normal than Donald Trump.
I
don’t like dictators. I don’t like Bashar al-Assad, a dictator
and the son of a dictator. (Assad, by the way, means lion.) But I
understand why he is there.
Until
long after World War I, Lebanon was a part of the Syrian state. Both
countries are a hotchpotch of sects and peoples. In Lebanon there are
Christian Maronites, Melkite Greeks, Greek Catholics, Roman
Catholics, Druze, Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims, and diverse others.
The Jews have mostly left.
All
these exist in Syria, too, with the addition of the Kurds and the
Alawites, the followers of Ali, who may be Muslims or not (depends
who is talking). Syria is also divided by the towns which hate each
other: Damascus, the political and religious capital and Aleppo, the
economic capital, with several cities – Homs, Hama, Latakia – in
between. Most of the country is desert.
After
many civil wars, the two countries found two different solutions. In
Lebanon, they agreed a national covenant, according to which the
president is always a Maronite, the prime minister always a Sunni
Muslim, the commander of the army always a Druze and the speaker of
the Parliament, a powerless job, always a Shiite. (Until Hizballah,
the Shiites were on the lowest rung of the ladder.)
In
Syria, a much more violent place, they found a different solution: a
kind of agreed-on dictatorship. The dictator was chosen from among
one of the least powerful sects: the Alawis. (Bible-lovers will be
reminded that when the Israelites chose their first King, they took
Saul, a member of the smallest tribe.)
That’s
why Bashar continues to rule. The different sects and localities are
afraid of each other. They need the dictator.
What
does Donald Trump know about these intricacies? Well, nothing.
He
was deeply shocked by the pictures of the victims of the gas attack.
Women! Children! Beautiful Babies! So he decided on the spot to
punish Bashar by bombing one of his airfields.
After
making the decision, he called in his generals. They feebly objected.
They knew that Bashar was not involved. In spite of being enemies,
the American and Russian air forces work in Syria in close
cooperation (another bizarre detail) in order to avoid incidents and
start World War III. So they know about every mission. The Syrian
air-force is part of this arrangement.
The
generals seem to be the only halfway normal people around Trump, but
Trump refused to listen. So they launched their missiles to destroy a
Syrian airfield.
America
was enthusiastic. All the important anti-Trump newspapers, led by
the New York Times and the Washington Post,
hastened to express their admiration for his genius.
In
comes Seymour Hersh, a world-renowned investigative reporter, the man
who exposed the American massacres in Vietnam and the American
torture chambers in Iraq. He
investigated the incident in depth and
found that there is absolutely no evidence and almost no possibility
that Bashar used nerve gas in Khan Sheikhoun.
What
happened next? Something incredible: all the renowned US newspapers,
including the New York Times and The New
Yorker, refused to publish. So did the prestigious London
Review of Books. In the end, he found a refuge in the German Welt
am Sonntag.
For
me, that is the real story. One would like to believe that the world
– and especially the "Western World" – is full of
honest newspapers, which investigate thoroughly and publish the
truth. That is not so. Sure, they probably do not consciously lie.
But they are unconscious prisoners of lies.
Some
weeks after the incident an Israeli radio station interviewed me on
the phone. The interviewer, a right-wing journalist, asked me about
Bashar’s dastardly use of gas against his own citizens. I answered
that I had seen no evidence of his responsibility.
The
interviewer was audibly shocked. He speedily changed the subject. But
his tone of voice betrayed his thoughts: "I always knew that
Avnery was a bit crazy, but now he is completely off his rocker."
Unlike
the good old Sherlock, I don’t know who did it. Perhaps Bashar,
after all. I only know that there is absolutely no evidence for that.
Uri
Avnery is a peace activist, journalist, writer, and former member of
the Israeli Knesset. Read other
articles by Uri,
or visit Uri’s
website.
Read more by Uri Avnery
- Peace Is a Four-Letter Word – June 23rd, 2017
- ‘Unified’ Jerusalem Is a 50-Year Lie – June 9th, 2017
- Whither the Palestinian Authority? – June 7th, 2017
- A Curious National Home – May 12th, 2017
- Palestine’s Nelson Mandela – April 21st, 2017
Whither the Palestinian Authority?
by Uri Avnery
Posted on
June 08, 2017
Last
week, a not so well-known Palestinian woman received an unusual
honor. An
article of hers was
published on top of the first page of the most respected newspaper on
earth: New York Times.
The
editors defined the writer, Diana Buttu, as: "a lawyer and a
former adviser to the negotiating team of the Palestine Liberation
Organization".
I
knew Diana Buttu when she first appeared on the Palestinian scene, in
2000, at the beginning of the second intifada. She was born in
Canada, the daughter of Palestinian immigrants who tried hard to
assimilate in their new homeland, and received a good Canadian
education.
When
the struggle in the occupied territories intensified, she returned to
her parents’ homeland. The Palestinian participants of the
negotiations with Israel, which started after the Oslo agreement,
were impressed by the young lawyer who spoke excellent English –
something rare – and asked her to join the national endeavor.
When
the negotiations died clinically, Diana Buttu disappeared from my
eyes. Until her dramatic reappearance last week.
The
location and the headline of the article demonstrate the importance
which the American editors saw in her argument. The headline was "Do
we need a Palestinian Authority?" and further on, in another
headline, "Shutter the Palestinian Authority".
The
argument of Diana Buttu seduces by its simplicity: the usefulness of
the Palestinian Authority has passed. It should be liquidated. Now.
The
Palestinian Authority, she says, was set up for a specific purpose:
to negotiate with Israel for the end of the occupation and the
creation of the hoped-for Palestinian state. By its very nature, that
was a task limited in time.
According
to the Oslo agreement, the negotiations for ending the occupation
should have reached their goal in 1999. Since then, 18 years have
passed without any movement towards a solution. The only thing that
has moved was the settlement movement, which has reached by now
monstrous dimensions.
In
these circumstances, says Buttu, the Palestinian Authority has become
a "subcontractor" of the occupation. The Authority helps
Israel to oppress the Palestinians. True, it employs a large number
of educational and medical personnel, but more than a third of its
budget – some 4 billion dollars – go the "security".
The Palestinian security forces maintain a close cooperation with
their Israeli colleagues. Meaning, they cooperate in upholding the
occupation.
Also,
Buttu complains about the lack of democracy. For 12 years now, no
elections have taken place. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu-Mazen) rules in
contravention of the Palestinian Basic Law.
Her
solution is simple: "it’s time for the authority to go."
To abolish the authority, to return the responsibility for the
occupied Palestinian population to the Israeli occupier and adopt a
"new Palestinian strategy".
What
strategy, exactly?
Up
to this point, Buttu’s arguments were lucid an logical. But from
here on they become unclear and nebulous.
Before
going on, I have to make some personal remarks.
I
am an Israeli. I define myself as an Israeli patriot. As a son of the
occupying nation I don’t think that I have the right to give advice
to the occupied nation.
True,
I have devoted the last 79 years of my life to the achievement of
peace between the two nations – a peace that, I believe, is an
existential necessity for both. Since the end of the 1948 war I
preach the establishment of an independent State of Palestinian side
by side with the State of Israel. Some of my enemies in the extreme
Israeli Right even accuse me of having invented the "Two-State
Solution" (thus deserving the title of "traitor".)
In
spite of all this, I have always abstained from giving the
Palestinians advice. Even when Yasser Arafat declared several times
publicly that I am his "friend", I did not see myself as an
adviser. I have expressed my views and voiced them many times in the
presence of Palestinians, but from that point to giving advice, the
distance is great.
Now,
too, I am not ready to give advice to the Palestinians in general,
and to Diana Buttu in particular. But I take the liberty to to make
some remarks about her revolutionary proposal.
Reading
her article for the second and third time, I gain the impression that
it contains a disproportion between the diagnosis and the medicine.
What
does she propose that the Palestinians do?
The
first step is clear: break up the Palestinian Authority and return
all the organs of Palestinian self-government to the Israeli military
governor.
That
is simple. But what next?
Diana
Buttu voices several general proposals. "Non-violent mass
protests", "boycott, divestment and sanctions",
"addressing the rights of Palestinian refugees" (from the
1948 war) and the "Palestinian citizens of Israel". She
mentions approvingly that already more than a third of the
Palestinian people in the occupied territories support a single-state
solution – meaning a bi-national state.
With
due respect, will these remedies – all together and each one
separately – liberate the Palestinian people?
There
is no proof that it will.
Experience
shows the it is easy for the occupation authorities to turn a
"nonviolent mass protest" into a very violent one. That
happened in both intifadas, and especially in the second. It started
with nonviolent actions, and then the occupation authorities called
in snipers. Within a few days the intifada became violent.
The
use of boycotts? There is now in the world a large movement of BDS
against Israel. The Israeli government is afraid of it and fights
against it with all means, including ridiculous ones. But this fear
does not spring from the economic damages this movement can cause,
but from the damage it may cause to Israel’s image. Such image may
hurt, but it does not kill.
Like
many others, Buttu uses here the example of South Africa. This is an
imagined example. The worldwide boycott was indeed impressive, but it
did not kill the apartheid regime. This is a western illusion, which
reflects contempt for the "natives".
The
racist regime in South Africa was not brought down by foreigner, nice
as they were, but by those despised "natives". The blacks
started campaigns of armed struggle (yes, the great Nelson Mandela
was a "terrorist") and mass strikes, which brought down the
economy. The international boycott played a welcome supporting role.
Buttu
has high hopes for "Palestinian boycotts". Can they really
hurt the Israeli economy? One can always bring in a million Chinese
workers.
Buttu
also mentions the international court in the Hague. The trouble is
that Jewish psychology is hardened against "goyish justice".
Aren’t they all anti-Semites? Israel spits on them, as it spit on
the UNO resolution at its time.
What
is left? There is only one alternative, the one Buttu wisely refrains
from mentioning: terrorism.
Many
peoples throughout history started wars of liberation, violent
struggles against their oppressors. In Israeli jargon that is called
"terror’.
Let’s
ignore for a moment the ideological aspect and concentrate on the
practical aspect only: does one believe that a "terrorist"
campaign by the occupied people against the occupying people can,
under existing circumstances, succeed?
I
doubt it. I doubt it very much. The Israeli security services have
shown, until now, considerable ability in fighting against armed
resistance.
If
so, what remains for the Palestinians to do? In two words: Hold on.
And
here there lies the special talent of Mahmous Abbas. He is a great
one for holding on. For leading a people that is passing a terrible
ordeal, an ordeal of suffering and humiliation, without giving in.
Abbas does not give in. If someone will take his place, somewhere in
the future, he will not give in either. Not Marwan Barghouti, for
example.
As
a young man I was a member of the Irgun, the underground military
organization. During World War II, my company organized a "trial"
for Marshal Phillip Petain, who became head the French government
after the French collapse. This "government" was located in
Vichy and took orders from the German occupation.
Much
against my will, I was appointed counsel for the defense. I took the
job seriously, and, to my surprise, discovered that Petain had logic
on his side. He saved Paris from destruction and made it possible for
most of the French people to survive the occupation. When the Nazi
empire broke down, France, under Charles de Gaulle, joined the
victors.
Of
course, Diana Buttu does not refer to this emotion-laden historic
example. But one should remember.
A
few days before the publication of Buttu’s article, a leader of the
Israeli fascist right, Betsalel Smotrich, a deputy chairman of the
Knesset, published an ultimatum to the Palestinians.
Smotrich
proposed to put the Palestinian before a choice between three
possibilities: to leave the country, to live in the country without
citizenship rights or to rise up in arms – and then the Israeli
army "would know how to deal with them".
In
simple words: the choice is between (a) the mass expulsion of seven
million Palestinians from the West Bank (including East Jerusalem),
Israel proper and the Gaza Strip, which would amount to Genocide, (b)
life as a people of slaves under an Apartheid regime and (c) simple
genocide.
The
unclear proposal of Buttu constitutes, in practice, the second
choice. She mentions that many Palestinians approve of the "one-state
solution". She shies away from a clear-cut statement and hides
behind a formula that is becoming fashionable these days: "two-states
or one state". Rather like: "swimming or drowning".
This
is suicide. Dramatic suicide. Glorious suicide. Suicide none the
less.
Both
Buttu and Smotrich lead to disaster.
After
all these years, the only practical solution remains as it was at the
beginning: two states for two peoples. Two states that will live side
by side in peace, perhaps even in friendship.
There
is no other solution.
Uri
Avnery is a peace activist, journalist, writer, and former member of
the Israeli Knesset. Read other
articles by Uri,
or visit Uri’s
website.
Read more by Uri Avnery
- The Bizarre Case of Bashar al-Assad – June 30th, 2017
- Peace Is a Four-Letter Word – June 23rd, 2017
- ‘Unified’ Jerusalem Is a 50-Year Lie – June 9th, 2017
- A Curious National Home – May 12th, 2017
- Palestine’s Nelson Mandela – April 21st, 2017
Palestine’s Nelson Mandela
by Uri Avnery
Posted on
April 22, 2017
I
have a confession to make: I like Marwan Barghouti.
I
have visited him at his modest Ramallah home several times. During
our conversations, we discussed Israeli-Palestinian peace. Our ideas
were the same: to create the State of Palestine next to the State of
Israel, and to establish peace between the two states, based on the
1967 lines (with minor adjustments), with open borders and
cooperation.
This
was not a secret agreement: Barghouti has repeated this proposal many
times, both in prison and outside.
I
also like his wife, Fadwa, who was educated as a lawyer but devotes
her time to fight for the release of her husband. At the crowded
funeral of Yasser Arafat, I happened to stand next to her and saw her
tear-streaked face.
This
week, Barghouti, together with about a thousand other Palestinian
prisoners in Israel, started an unlimited hunger strike. I have just
signed a petition for his release.
Marwan
Barghouti is a born leader. In spite of his small physical stature,
he stands out in any gathering. Within the Fatah movement he became
the leader of the youth division. (The word "Fatah" is the
initials of "Palestinian Liberation Movement, in reverse),
The
Barghoutis are a widespread clan, dominating several villages near
Ramallah. Marwan himself was born in 1959 in Kobar village. An
ancestor, Abd-al-Jabir al-Barghouti, led an Arab revolt in 1834. I
have met Mustafa Barghouti, an activist for democracy, in many
demonstrations and shared the tear gas with him. Omar Barghouti is a
leader of the international anti-Israel boycott movement.
Perhaps
my sympathy for Marwan is influenced by some similarities in our
youth. He joined the Palestinian resistance movement at the age of
15, the same age as I was when I joined the Hebrew underground some
35 years earlier. My friends and I considered ourselves freedom
fighters, but were branded by the British authorities as
"terrorists". The same has now happened to Marwan – a
freedom fighter in his own eyes and in the eyes of the vast majority
of the Palestinian people, a "terrorist" in the eyes of the
Israeli authorities.
When
he was put on trial in the Tel Aviv District Court, my friends and I,
members of the Israeli peace movement Gush Shalom (Peace Bloc), tried
to demonstrate our solidarity with him in the courtroom. We were
expelled by armed guards. One of my friends lost a toenail in this
glorious fight.
Years
ago I called Barghouti the "Palestinian Mandela". Despite
their difference in height and skin color, there was a basic
similarity between the two: both were men of peace, but justified the
use of violence against their oppressors. However, while the
Apartheid regime was satisfied with one life term, Barghouti was
sentenced to a ridiculous five life terms and another 40 years –
for acts of violence executed by his Tanzim organization.
(Gush
Shalom published a statement this week suggesting that by the same
logic, Menachem Begin should have been sentenced by the British to 91
life terms for the bombing of the King David hotel, in which 91
people – many of them Jews – lost their lives.)
There
is another similarity between Mandela and Barghouti: when the
apartheid regime was destroyed by a combination of "terrorism",
violent strikes and a worldwide boycott, Mandela emerged as the
natural leader of the new South Africa. Many people expect that when
a Palestinian state is set up, Barghouti will become its president,
after Mahmoud Abbas.
There
is something in his personality that inspires confidence, turning him
into the natural arbiter of internal conflicts. Hamas people, who are
the opponents of Fatah, are inclined to listen to Marwan. He is the
ideal conciliator between the two movements.
Some
years ago, under the leadership of Marwan, a large number of
prisoners belonging to the two organizations signed a joint appeal
for national unity, setting out concrete terms. Nothing came of this.
That,
by the way, may be an additional reason for the Israeli government’s
rejection of any suggestion of freeing Barghouti, even when a
prisoner exchange provided a convenient opportunity. A free Barghouti
could become a powerful agent for Palestinian unity, the last thing
the Israeli overlords want.
Divide
et impera – "divide and rule" – since Roman times this
has been a guiding principle of every regime that suppresses another
people. In this the Israeli authorities have been incredibly
successful. Political geography provided an ideal setting: The West
Bank (of the Jordan river) is cut off from the Gaza Strip by some 50
km of Israeli territory.
Hamas
got hold of the Gaza Strip by elections and violence, and refuses to
accept the leadership of the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization),
a union of the more secular organizations which rules the West Bank.
This
is not an unusual situation in national liberation organizations.
They often split into more and less extreme wings, to the great
delight of the oppressor. The last thing the Israeli authorities are
willing to do is release Barghouti and allow him to restore
Palestinian national unity. God forbid.
The
hunger strikers do not demand their own release, but demand better
prison conditions. They demand, inter alia, more frequent and longer
visits by wives and family, an end to torture, decent food, and such.
They also remind us that under international law an "occupying
power" is forbidden to move prisoners from an occupied territory
to the home country of the occupier. Exactly this happens to almost
all Palestinian "security prisoners".
Last
week Barghouti set out these demands in an
op-ed article published by the New
York Times,
an act that shows the newspaper’s better side. The editorial note
described the author as a Palestinian politician and Member of
Parliament. It was a courageous act by the paper (which somewhat
restored its standing in my eyes after it condemned Bashar al-Assad
for using poison gas, without a sliver of evidence.)
But
courage has its limits. The very next day the NYT published
an editor’s note stating that Barghouti was convicted for murder.
It was an abject surrender to Zionist pressure.
The
man who claimed this victory was an individual I find particularly
obnoxious. He calls himself Michael Oren and is now a deputy minister
in Israel, but he was born in the USA and belongs to the subgroup of
American Jews who are super-super-patriots of Israel. He adopted
Israeli citizenship and an Israeli name in order to serve as Israel’s
ambassador to the USA. In this capacity he attracted attention by
using particularly virulent anti-Arab rhetoric, so extreme as to make
even Binyamin Netanyahu look moderate.
I
doubt that this person has ever sacrificed anything for his
patriotism, indeed, he has made quite a career of it. Yet he speaks
with contempt about Barghouti, who has spent much of his life in
prison and exile. He describes Barghouti’s article in the New
York Times as
a "journalistic
terror act".
Look who’s talking.
A
hunger strike is a very courageous act. It is the last weapon of the
least protected people on earth – the prisoners. The abominable
Margaret Thatcher let the Irish hunger strikers starve to death.
The
Israeli authorities wanted to force-feed Palestinian hunger strikers.
The Israeli Physicians Association, much to its credit, refused to
cooperate, since such acts have led in the past to the deaths of the
victims. That put an end to this kind of torture.
Barghouti
demands that Palestinian political prisoners be treated as
prisoners-of-war. No chance of that.
However,
one should demand that prisoners of any kind be treated humanely.
This means that deprivation of liberty is the only punishment
imposed, and that within the prisons the maximum of decent conditions
should be accorded.
In
some Israeli prisons, a kind of modus vivendi between the prison
authorities and the Palestinian prisoners seems to have been
established. Not so in others. One gets the impression that the
prison service is the enemy of the prisoners, making their life as
miserable as possible. This has worsened now, in response to the
strike.
This
policy is cruel, illegal and counterproductive. There is no way to
win against a hunger-strike. The prisoners are bound to win,
especially when decent people all over the world are watching.
Perhaps even the NYT.
I
am waiting for the day when I can visit Marwan again as a free man in
his home in Ramallah. Even more so if Ramallah is, by that time, a
town in the free State of Palestine.
Uri
Avnery is a peace activist, journalist, writer, and former member of
the Israeli Knesset. Read other
articles by Uri,
or visit Uri’s
website.
Read more by Uri Avnery
- The Bizarre Case of Bashar al-Assad – June 30th, 2017
- Peace Is a Four-Letter Word – June 23rd, 2017
- ‘Unified’ Jerusalem Is a 50-Year Lie – June 9th, 2017
- Whither the Palestinian Authority? – June 7th, 2017
- A Curious National Home – May 12th, 2017
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